Maternal exposure to PAHs by nose-only has a negative effect on the fetus. There is a potentiating effect between PAHs and metals. Metals can alter the binding of Sp1 and in this study, we also see that PAHs disturb Sp1 and may contribute to neurotoxicity in utero.
Darryl. MODULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION PROFILE OF Sp1 SUBSEQUENT TO TRANSPLACENTAL EXPOSURE OF FETAL RATS TO DESORBED BENZO[a]PYRENE FOLLOWING MATERNAL INHALATION. Inhalation Toxicology 12, 511-535 (2010). URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089583700402897. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/8425830
For more on the topic of how metals and pollution contribute to environmental disease...see:
*Greenhouse Gases and Environmental Illness
*Toxins and Their Effects on Bones and Development
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